Corporate Liability for Environmental and ESG Violations: The Emerging Indian Framework
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Date
2026
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NLUJAA
Abstract
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) refers to a framework used to assess how responsibly a company conducts its business beyond its financial performance. The environmental aspect focuses on issues such as climate change, pollution control, waste management, resource conservation and biodiversity protection.4 The social aspect examines matters relating to labour practices, employee welfare, human rights, diversity, consumer protection and community engagement. The governance aspect concerns the manner in which a company is managed, including board accountability transparency, ethical business conduct, anti-corruption measures and effective risk management. Together, these three pillars provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating a company's long-term sustainability, resilience and ability to create lasting value. As a result, companies are no longer expected to focus only on the interests of their shareholders. They are also expected to consider the interests of employees, consumers, local communities, regulators and the environment while making business decisions.
Description
Dissertation submitted to National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam In partial fulfilment of the award of MASTER OF LAW ONE-YEAR LL.M DEGREE PROGRAMME Submitted by RIAN DUTTA UID: SM0225050 Supervised by Dr. Thangzakhup Tombing Assistant Professor of Law National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam June, 2026